Tranexamic acid is a lesser-known skincare ingredient that can help with discolouration and other skin concerns. It is safe for most skin types.
Acids continue to play a fundamental role in the skincare industry, thanks to their numerous benefits for improving skin tone.
Haven’t heard of tranexamic acid yet? This acid—relatively unknown until now—appears to offer benefits for giving melasma, hyperpigmentation, and other types of skin dyschromias.
Tranexamic acid is resulting from the amino acid lysine. Traditionally, it has been used as a mouthwash to treat heavy menstrual bleeding.
However, when applied topically, it can alter how cells produce melanin—the pigment that gives skin its colour—explains Dr Mary Stevenson, an assistant professor of dermatology at NYU Langone Health.
In other words, it interrupts the skin pathways that can lead to uneven skin tone.
Below, we share everything you need to know about this promising skincare ingredient before you try it for yourself.
What are its benefits?
Some studies suggest that tranexamic acid may offer various benefits for the skin.
A stronger skin barrier
The skin barrier—or the outermost layer of the skin—acts as a shield, helping retain moisture and keep out toxins and irritants.
In people with rosacea, 2020 research suggests that this barrier is often damaged to the point that it no longer functions properly. Conferring to a 2016 review, strengthening the skin barrier can significantly reduce rosacea symptoms.
In a small study conducted in 2015, individuals who applied a 3% tranexamic acid treatment to their skin for two weeks showed fewer visible signs of rosacea than those who did not use the treatment. The researchers attributed this reduction in symptoms to improved skin barrier function.
Reduction of Dark Spots and Discolouration
“Tranexamic acid for the skin container act as a improving agent to reduce dark spots and improve hyperpigmentation,” states Dr Anna Guanche, a board-certified dermatologist and creator of the Bella Skin Institute. “This is since tranexamic acid interferes with melanin production.”
A 2025 study examined the benefits of two treatments for melasma—a common skin condition that can cause brown or grey facial patches of discolouration. Participants used one of two standard treatments: tranexamic acid or hydroquinone, a bleaching agent that lightens the skin.
After 12 weeks, the severity of the melasma decreased by 27 per cent in the group using tranexamic acid—a figure very similar to that observed in those using hydroquinone. However, participants who used tranexamic acid reported higher satisfaction with their treatment due to a lower incidence of side properties, such as skin irritation.
Can anyone use it?
According to Guanche, tranexamic acid is generally safe for all skin types.
To date, there is no evidence to suggest that this ingredient poses a risk during pregnancy. However, research analysing its effects during gestation is very limited, notes Dr Aimee Paik, Senior Vice Leader of Dermatology at the telehealth company Hims & Hers.
If you are pregnant, it is best to consult your healthcare provider before trying any new medication—including over-the-counter topical skincare products.
If you have subtle skin or suffer from eczema, it is a good idea to proceed with caution. Tranexamic acid can cause some irritation, particularly when you first start using it, explains Dr Hadley King, a board-certified dermatologist and clinical teacher at Weill Medical College of Cornell University.
For this reason, Dr King recommends performing a patch test on a small, inobtrusive area of your skin before smearing a new product to your entire face.
Potential Risks and Side Effects
The risk of side effects is higher when tranexamic acid is taken orally or administered via injection than when it is applied topically, notes Guanche.
Regarding skincare products containing tranexamic acid, a small study conducted in 2014 revealed that the most common side effects include:
- dryness
- itching
- flaking
You can counteract dryness and flaking by always applying a nourishing moisturiser after using products containing tranexamic acid. As for itching, this typically subsides once the skin adjusts to the ingredient.
If dryness, itching, or flaking persists for more than a few weeks, it is generally advisable to discontinue use of the product and consult a dermatologist.
Additionally, you should seek guidance from a healthcare professional if you experience more serious side effects, such as:
- persistent skin discolouration
- itching
- swelling or skin rash
Incorporating Tranexamic Acid into Your Skincare Routine
You can use tranexamic acid at slightly time of day. Guanche mentions incorporating products containing tranexamic acid into your skincare routine at night.
Paik advises applying it after cleansing your skin and before applying moisturiser.
It is important to introduce new products containing active ingredients gradually, Guanche warns—especially if you have sensitive skin.
Initially, try applying tranexamic acid just twice a week to observe how your skin reacts. If you notice that your skin tolerates it well, you can gradually increase the frequency of use until you are applying it every other night, or even every night.
According to King, combining tranexamic acid with products containing kojic acid and phytic acid can enhance results. However, she adds that combining tranexamic acid with other acids may lead to dryness and irritation. Consult a dermatologist before combining multiple acids or other skincare ingredients.
According to Stevenson, tranexamic acid is particularly effective when used alongside other brightening agents, such as niacinamide and vitamin C.
You can also use it in mixture with retinoids. Guanche notes that this can maximise the beautifying benefits these forms of vitamin A provide for the skin, including their ability to fade sunspots and age spots.
It may take up to a month—or even longer—before you see definitive results. According to King, many people begin to notice visible improvement within two weeks.
Products to Try
Given that more and more skincare products containing tranexamic acid are hitting the market, you may be wondering which one to choose.
As with any product, the best option for you may depend on your specific goals and your particular skin concerns.
Some options recommended by dermatologists include:
- SkinMedica Lytera 2.0 Pigment Modifying Serum* contains a potent combination of tranexamic acid and phytic acid. According to King, this can help reduce the appearance of dark spots and indorse a more even, radiant complexion.
- Skinceuticals Discolouration Defence* contains kojic acid alongside tranexamic acid. This ingredient can also help treat skin discolouration. King notes that it also contains niacinamide, which can help improve skin tone and texture.
- Paula’s Choice Clinical Discolouration Repair Serum* is Paik’s recommendation. This is because scientific evidence from 2013 suggests that a combination of tranexamic acid and niacinamide can help reduce dark spots. Additionally, it contains bakuchiol—a plant extract that further helps address the root causes of unwanted skin discolouration.
- Naturium Tranexamic Topical Acid 5%* features a higher concentration of tranexamic acid. According to Paik, this means it could be more effective for treating stubborn or widespread discolouration.
In Conclusion
Tranexamic acid—a relatively new ingredient in the world of skincare—shows great potential for treating melasma, sun spots, age spots, and other types of dyschromia. Furthermore, experts generally consider it safe for all skin types and typically has minimal side effects.
Nevertheless, it is always advisable to consult a dermatologist before incorporating tranexamic acid—or any other new ingredient—into your skincare routine. A qualified professional can help you control whether an ingredient is suitable for your specific skin concerns and goals.
Once again: whenever you try a new product, be sure to perform a patch test first and introduce it into your routine gradually.